IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample - Economic growth

Some people say economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger, while others say economic growth is damaging the environment and must stop. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Economic growth is often seen as a key driver of progress, lifting millions out of poverty and reducing global hunger. However, some argue that its environmental costs are too severe, requiring urgent limitations. This essay will explore both perspectives and present my own view.

On one hand, economic growth plays a crucial role in eradicating poverty. A thriving economy generates employment opportunities, increases income levels, and improves access to essential services like healthcare and education. For instance, countries such as China and India have significantly reduced poverty due to rapid economic expansion. Moreover, economic progress enhances food production and distribution, ensuring that fewer people suffer from hunger. Without continuous growth, developing nations may struggle to improve living standards and provide basic needs to their populations.

On the other hand, economic expansion often leads to severe environmental degradation. Industrialization, deforestation, and excessive resource consumption contribute to climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. Many developed countries have experienced rising incomes at the cost of irreparable environmental harm. If economic growth remains unchecked, future generations may face catastrophic consequences, including extreme weather events and resource scarcity. Some believe that shifting towards sustainable development, rather than uncontrolled expansion, is a better solution.

In my opinion, economic growth should continue but with strict environmental regulations. Governments should adopt policies promoting green technologies, renewable energy, and responsible consumption. This approach ensures poverty reduction while protecting the planet for future generations.

​​Glossary

1. Economic growth – tăng trưởng kinh tế

2. Eradicate – xóa bỏ

3. Employment opportunities – cơ hội việc làm

4. Income levels – mức thu nhập

5. Healthcare – chăm sóc sức khỏe

6. Industrialization – công nghiệp hóa

7. Deforestation – phá rừng

8. Biodiversity loss – mất đa dạng sinh học

9. Unchecked – không kiểm soát

10. Sustainable development – phát triển bền vững

11. Green technologies – công nghệ xanh

12. Renewable energy – năng lượng tái tạo