Ngữ Pháp Reported Speech – Câu tường thuật

What is Reported Speech? – Câu tường thuật là gì?

Reported speech (câu tường thuật) được dùng để thuật lại lời nói hoặc câu hỏi của người khác theo cách gián tiếp mà không lặp lại nguyên văn lời nói của họ.

Changes in Reported Speech – Các thay đổi trong câu tường thuật

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật, bạn cần chú ý các thay đổi sau:

1. Thay đổi thì của động từ (Tense Changes)

Direct Speech – Câu trực tiếp	Reported Speech – Câu tường thuật
Present Simple → Past Simple	“I am tired,” she said. → She said she was tired.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous	“I am working,” he said. → He said he was working.
Past Simple → Past Perfect	“I visited London,” she said. → She said she had visited London.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect	“I have finished my homework,” he said. → He said he had finished his homework.
Future Simple (will) → Would	“I will call you,” she said. → She said she would call me.

2. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (Time & Place Changes)

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Now → Then	“I am busy now,” she said. → She said she was busy then.
Today → That day	“I’ll see you today,” he said. → He said he would see me that day.
Tomorrow → The next day	“I’ll leave tomorrow,” she said. → She said she would leave the next day.
Yesterday → The day before	“I went there yesterday,” she said. → She said she had gone there the day before.
Here → There	“I am here,” he said. → He said he was there.

3. Thay đổi đại từ (Pronoun Changes)

Đại từ trong câu tường thuật phải được thay đổi để phù hợp với ngữ cảnh.

Example - Ví dụ:

• “I love this book,” she said. → She said she loved that book.

• “We are going out,” they said. → They said they were going out.

Reported Speech for Different Sentence Types – Cách chuyển các loại câu khác nhau

1. Statements – Câu khẳng định

S + said (that) + S + V (lùi thì)

💡 “I am happy,” she said. → She said (that) she was happy.

2. Questions – Câu hỏi

• Yes/No Questions

Dùng if hoặc whether trong câu tường thuật.

“Do you like coffee?” he asked. → He asked if I liked coffee.

• Wh- Questions

Dùng từ để hỏi (what, where, when, how, v.v.)

“Where do you live?” she asked. → She asked where I lived.

3. Commands & Requests – Mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu

S + told/asked + O + to + V

“Close the door,” he said. → He told me to close the door.

S + told/asked + O + not to + V (Câu phủ định)

“Don’t be late,” she said. → She told me not to be late.

Practice Exercises – Bài tập thực hành

A. Change the following sentences into reported speech.

1. “I will help you tomorrow,” he said.

2. “We are watching a movie now,” they said.

3. “Did you finish your homework?” she asked.

4. “Please turn off the lights,” my dad said.

5. “I can’t come to the party tonight,” she said.

B. Choose the correct option.

1. He said he (is / was) tired.

2. They said they (are going / were going) to the park.

3. She asked me (where I live / where do I live).

4. He told me (don’t be / not to be) late.

5. My mom said she (will cook / would cook) dinner soon.

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Answers – Đáp án

A. Change the following sentences into reported speech:

1. “I will help you tomorrow,” he said. → He said he would help me the next day. 

2. “We are watching a movie now,” they said. → They said they were watching a movie then. 

3. “Did you finish your homework?” she asked. → She asked if I had finished my homework. 

4. “Please turn off the lights,” my dad said. → My dad told me to turn off the lights. 

5. “I can’t come to the party tonight,” she said. → She said she couldn’t come to the party that night. 

B. Choose the correct option:

1. He said he was tired. 

2. They said they were going to the park. 

3. She asked me where I lived. 

4. He told me not to be late. 

5. My mom said she would cook dinner soon.

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